CrPC 456→BNSS 502

CrPC 456 to BNSS 502: Power to restore possession of immovable property

Section 456 CrPC (1973) replaced by Section 502 BNSS (2023)

View CrPC Section 456 →View BNSS Section 502 →

CrPC 456 to BNSS 502 at a Glance

Section 456 CrPC (Power to restore possession of immovable property) is now Section 502 BNSS, in force from 1 July 2024. What changed is set out below.

What Changed From CrPC 456 to BNSS 502?

From 1 July 2024, Section 502 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 replaced Section 456 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The heading is the same. Section 502(1) BNSS reads an offence by use of criminal force where Section 456(1) CrPC read an offence attended by criminal force, and reads by such use of force where Section 456(1) CrPC read by such force. Section 502(3) BNSS reads section 500 and section 499 where Section 456(3) CrPC read section 454 and section 453. The rest of the text is the same.

CrPC 456 vs BNSS 502: Comparison Table

AspectCrPC 1973 (repealed)BNSS 2023 (in force)
Section456502
HeadingPower to restore possession of immovable propertySame
Sub-sections4 sub-sectionsSame
Cross-referencess.454, s.453s.500, s.499

CrPC 456 and BNSS 502: Bare Act Text Side by Side

CrPC 1973 (repealed)

Section 456, CrPC 1973

456. Power to restore possession of immovable property.—(1) When a person is convicted of an offence attended by criminal force or show of force or by criminal intimidation, and it appears to the Court that, by such force or show of force or intimidation, any person has been dispossessed of any immovable property, the Court may, if it thinks fit, order that possession of the same be restored to that person after evicting by force, if necessary, any other person who may be in possession of the property: Provided that no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction. (2) Where the Court trying the offence has not made an order under sub-section (1), the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision may, if it thinks fit, make such order while disposing of the appeal, reference or revision, as the case may be. (3) Where an order has been made under sub-section (1), the provisions of section 454 shall apply in relation thereto as they apply in relation to an order under section 453. (4) No order made under this section shall prejudice any right or interest to or in such immovable property which any person may be able to establish in a civil suit.
BNSS 2023 (in force)

Section 502, BNSS 2023

502. Power to restore possession of immovable property.—(1) When a person is convicted of an offence by use of criminal force or show of force or by criminal intimidation, and it appears to the Court that, by such use of force or show of force or intimidation, any person has been dispossessed of any immovable property, the Court may, if it thinks fit, order that possession of the same be restored to that person after evicting by force, if necessary, any other person who may be in possession of the property: Provided that no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction. (2) Where the Court trying the offence has not made an order under sub-section (1), the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision may, if it thinks fit, make such order while disposing of the appeal, reference or revision, as the case may be. (3) Where an order has been made under sub-section (1), the provisions of section 500 shall apply in relation thereto as they apply in relation to an order under section 499. (4) No order made under this section shall prejudice any right or interest to or in such immovable property which any person may be able to establish in a civil suit.

When It Applies: CrPC 456 vs BNSS 502

Under CrPC 456
  1. Section 456(1) CrPC applies when a person is convicted of an offence attended by criminal force or show of force or by criminal intimidation.
  2. It must appear to the Court that, by such force or show of force or intimidation, any person has been dispossessed of any immovable property.
  3. The Court may, if it thinks fit, order that possession of the same be restored to that person after evicting by force, if necessary, any other person who may be in possession of the property.
  4. Under Section 456(2) CrPC, where the Court trying the offence has not made an order under Section 456(1) CrPC, the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision may, if it thinks fit, make such order while disposing of the appeal, reference or revision, as the case may be.
  5. Under Section 456(3) CrPC, where an order has been made under Section 456(1) CrPC, the provisions of Section 454 CrPC shall apply in relation thereto as they apply in relation to an order under Section 453 CrPC.
  6. Under Section 456(4) CrPC, no order made under Section 456 CrPC shall prejudice any right or interest to or in such immovable property which any person may be able to establish in a civil suit.
Under BNSS 502
  1. Section 502(1) BNSS applies when a person is convicted of an offence by use of criminal force or show of force or by criminal intimidation.
  2. It must appear to the Court that, by such use of force or show of force or intimidation, any person has been dispossessed of any immovable property.
  3. The Court may, if it thinks fit, order that possession of the same be restored to that person after evicting by force, if necessary, any other person who may be in possession of the property.
  4. Under Section 502(2) BNSS, where the Court trying the offence has not made an order under Section 502(1) BNSS, the Court of appeal, confirmation or revision may, if it thinks fit, make such order while disposing of the appeal, reference or revision, as the case may be.
  5. Under Section 502(3) BNSS, where an order has been made under Section 502(1) BNSS, the provisions of Section 500 BNSS shall apply in relation thereto as they apply in relation to an order under Section 499 BNSS.
  6. Under Section 502(4) BNSS, no order made under Section 502 BNSS shall prejudice any right or interest to or in such immovable property which any person may be able to establish in a civil suit.

Time Limits: CrPC 456 to BNSS 502

Under CrPC 456
  • Under the proviso to Section 456(1) CrPC, no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction.Act text: “no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction”
Under BNSS 502
  • Under the proviso to Section 502(1) BNSS, no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction.Act text: “no such order shall be made by the Court more than one month after the date of the conviction”

What CrPC 456 to BNSS 502 Means in Practice

A reader of Section 502 BNSS should look for the words by use of criminal force and by such use of force in Section 502(1) BNSS, and for the section numbers 500 and 499 in Section 502(3) BNSS, where Section 456 CrPC has attended by criminal force, by such force, and the section numbers 454 and 453.

FAQs: CrPC 456 to BNSS 502

Where is Section 456 CrPC found in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023?▼

Section 456(1) CrPC is found in Section 502(1) BNSS, Section 456(2) CrPC in Section 502(2) BNSS, Section 456(3) CrPC in Section 502(3) BNSS and Section 456(4) CrPC in Section 502(4) BNSS. The heading is the same.

How do the words of Section 502(1) BNSS differ from Section 456(1) CrPC?▼

Section 502(1) BNSS reads an offence by use of criminal force where Section 456(1) CrPC read an offence attended by criminal force, and reads by such use of force where Section 456(1) CrPC read by such force.

Which section numbers does Section 502(3) BNSS name where Section 456(3) CrPC named Section 454 CrPC and Section 453 CrPC?▼

Section 502(3) BNSS names Section 500 BNSS and Section 499 BNSS. Section 454 CrPC is found in Section 500 BNSS and Section 453 CrPC in Section 499 BNSS.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 · Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 · Last updated: 22 Oct 2026 ·