IEA 87→BSA 89

IEA 87 to BSA 89: Presumption as to books, maps and charts

Section 87 IEA (1872) replaced by Section 89 BSA (2023)

View IEA Section 87 →View BSA Section 89 →

IEA 87 to BSA 89 at a Glance

Section 87 IEA (Presumption as to books, maps and charts) is now Section 89 BSA, in force from 1 July 2024. Only the section number changed.

What Changed From IEA 87 to BSA 89?

Section 87 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 became Section 89 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 on 1 July 2024 without any change in wording.

IEA 87 vs BSA 89: Comparison Table

AspectIEA 1872 (repealed)BSA 2023 (in force)
Section8789
HeadingPresumption as to books, maps and chartsSame

IEA 87 and BSA 89: Bare Act Text Side by Side

IEA 1872 (repealed)

Section 87, IEA 1872

87. Presumption as to books, maps and charts.—The Court may presume that any book to which it may refer for information on matters of public or general interest, and that any published map or chart, the statements of which are relevant facts, and which is produced for its inspection, was written and published by the person, and at the time and place, by whom or at which it purports to have been written or published.
BSA 2023 (in force)

Section 89, BSA 2023

89. Presumption as to books, maps and charts.—The Court may presume that any book to which it may refer for information on matters of public or general interest, and that any published map or chart, the statements of which are relevant facts, and which is produced for its inspection, was written and published by the person, and at the time and place, by whom or at which it purports to have been written or published.

When It Applies: IEA 87 vs BSA 89

Under IEA 87
  1. The court refers to a book for information about matters of public interest or general interest.
  2. A party produces a published map or a published chart for inspection by the court, and the statements in that map or chart are relevant facts.
  3. The court may presume that the book, map, or chart was written and brought out by the person, and at the time and place, stated on it.
Under BSA 89
  1. The court refers to a book for information about matters of public interest or general interest.
  2. A published map or a published chart containing statements that are relevant facts is produced for inspection by the court.
  3. The court may presume under Section 89 BSA that the book, map, or chart was written and brought out by the person, and at the time and place, indicated on it.

What IEA 87 to BSA 89 Means in Practice

Section 87 IEA became Section 89 BSA on 1 July 2024 without any change in wording. The same rule on presuming authorship and publication details of books, maps, and charts applies, and a person in court should cite Section 89 BSA for matters governed by the BSA.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Indian Evidence Act, 1872 · Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 ·