IPC 489A→BNS 178

IPC 489A to BNS 178: Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes

Section 489A IPC (1860) replaced by Section 178 BNS (2023)

View IPC Section 489A →View BNS Section 178 →

IPC 489A to BNS 178 at a Glance

Section 489A IPC (Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes) is now Section 178 BNS, in force from 1 July 2024. Under the BNS it is non-bailable and cognizable. What changed is set out below.

What Changed From IPC 489A to BNS 178?

Section 489A IPC corresponds to Section 178 BNS. Section 178 BNS consolidates counterfeiting of currency-notes and bank-notes with coin and Government revenue stamps, which were separate offences under the IPC. The punishment for counterfeiting currency-notes is unchanged, and the definition of bank-note now applies to the entire Chapter.

IPC 489A vs BNS 178: Comparison Table

AspectIPC 1860 (repealed)BNS 2023 (in force)
Section489A178
OffenceCounterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notesSame
PunishmentImprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years.Same
FineThe offender is also liable to fine. The statute does not prescribe a mandatory fine or fix a maximum amount.Same
BailNon-BailableSame
CognizanceCognizableSame
CompoundableNon-CompoundableSame
Triable ByCourt of SessionSame

IPC 489A and BNS 178: Bare Act Text Side by Side

IPC 1860 (repealed)

Section 489A, IPC 1860

489A. Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes.—Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—For the purposes of this section and of sections 489B, 489C, 489D and 489E, the expression “bank-note” means a promissory note or engagement for the payment of money to bearer on demand issued by any person carrying on the business of banking in any part of the world, or issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power, and intended to be used as equivalent to, or as a substitute for money.
BNS 2023 (in force)

Section 178, BNS 2023

Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—For the purposes of this Chapter,— (1) the expression “bank-note” means a promissory note or engagement for the payment of money to bearer on demand issued by any person carrying on the business of banking in any part of the world, or issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power, and intended to be used as equivalent to, or as a substitute for money; (2) “coin” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in section 2 of the Coinage Act, 2011 (11 of 2011) and includes metal used for the time being as money and is stamped and issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power intended to be so used; (3) a person commits the offence of “counterfeiting Government stamp” who counterfeits by causing a genuine stamp of one denomination to appear like a genuine stamp of a different denomination; (4) a person commits the offence of counterfeiting coin who intending to practise deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practised, causes a genuine coin to appear like a different coin; and (5) the offence of “counterfeiting coin” includes diminishing the weight or alteration of the composition, or alteration of the appearance of the coin.

Ingredients: IPC 489A vs BNS 178

Under IPC 489A
  1. The document counterfeited is a currency-note or a bank-note
  2. The accused counterfeits the note, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting it
  3. The accused causes the resemblance intending by means of it to practise deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practised
Under BNS 178
  1. Counterfeiting any coin, Government revenue stamp, currency-note, or bank-note
  2. Alternatively, knowingly performing any part of the process of counterfeiting any such coin, stamp, currency-note, or bank-note

What IPC 489A to BNS 178 Means for Pending Cases

For Section 489A IPC (now Section 178 BNS): under Section 178 BNS, the offence is expanded to include coin and Government revenue stamps alongside currency-notes and bank-notes, but the punishment for counterfeiting currency-notes remains imprisonment for life or up to ten years and liability to fine, so a charge for an act done after the BNS came into force cites Section 178 BNS.

FAQs: IPC 489A to BNS 178

What changed regarding Section 489A IPC under the BNS?▼

Section 178 BNS consolidates counterfeiting currency-notes and bank-notes with coin and Government revenue stamps under one provision. The punishment for counterfeiting currency-notes remains unchanged at imprisonment for life or up to ten years and liability to fine.

Where does Section 489A IPC sit in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita?▼

It sits in Section 178 BNS, in Chapter X, Of Offences Relating to Coin, Currency-Notes, Bank-Notes and Government Stamps.

Does Section 489A IPC or Section 178 BNS apply to an act done before 1 July 2024?▼

Section 489A IPC. Section 358 BNS repealed the IPC from 1 July 2024 but saves any liability already incurred under it, so an act done before that date is still dealt with under Section 489A IPC. Section 178 BNS governs acts done on or after 1 July 2024.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 · Last updated: 16 Oct 2026 ·