CrPC 477→BNSS 523

CrPC 477 to BNSS 523: Power of High Court to make rules

Section 477 CrPC (1973) replaced by Section 523 BNSS (2023)

View CrPC Section 477 →View BNSS Section 523 →

CrPC 477 to BNSS 523 at a Glance

Section 477 CrPC (Power of High Court to make rules) is now Section 523 BNSS, in force from 1 July 2024. What changed is set out below.

What Changed From CrPC 477 to BNSS 523?

Section 477 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 was replaced by Section 523 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 from 1 July 2024. The heading is the same. Section 523(1)(d) BNSS reads any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by rules made by the State Government where Section 477(1)(d) CrPC read any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed. The rest of the text is in the same words.

CrPC 477 vs BNSS 523: Comparison Table

AspectCrPC 1973 (repealed)BNSS 2023 (in force)
Section477523
HeadingPower of High Court to make rulesSame
Sub-sections2 sub-sectionsSame

CrPC 477 and BNSS 523: Bare Act Text Side by Side

CrPC 1973 (repealed)

Section 477, CrPC 1973

477. Power of High Court to make rules.—(1) Every High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules— (a) as to the persons who may be permitted to act as petition-writers in the Criminal Courts subordinate to it; (b) regulating the issue of licences to such persons, the conduct of business by them, and the scale of fees to be charged by them; (c) providing a penalty for a contravention of any of the rules so made and determining the authority by which such contravention may be investigated and the penalties imposed; (d) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed. (2) All rules made under this section shall be published in the Official Gazette.
BNSS 2023 (in force)

Section 523, BNSS 2023

523. Power of High Court to make rules.—(1) Every High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules— (a) as to the persons who may be permitted to act as petition-writers in the Criminal Courts subordinate to it; (b) regulating the issue of licences to such persons, the conduct of business by them, and the scale of fees to be charged by them; (c) providing a penalty for a contravention of any of the rules so made and determining the authority by which such contravention may be investigated and the penalties imposed; (d) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by rules made by the State Government. (2) All rules made under this section shall be published in the Official Gazette.

When It Applies: CrPC 477 vs BNSS 523

Under CrPC 477
  1. Under Section 477(1) CrPC, every High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules.
  2. Section 477(1)(a) CrPC speaks of rules as to the persons who may be permitted to act as petition-writers in the Criminal Courts subordinate to the High Court.
  3. Section 477(1)(b) CrPC speaks of rules regulating the issue of licences to such persons, the conduct of business by them, and the scale of fees to be charged by them.
  4. Section 477(1)(c) CrPC speaks of rules providing a penalty for a contravention of any of the rules so made and determining the authority by which such contravention may be investigated and the penalties imposed.
  5. Section 477(1)(d) CrPC speaks of rules on any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed.
  6. Under Section 477(2) CrPC, all rules made shall be published in the Official Gazette.
Under BNSS 523
  1. Under Section 523(1) BNSS, every High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules.
  2. Section 523(1)(a) BNSS speaks of rules as to the persons who may be permitted to act as petition-writers in the Criminal Courts subordinate to the High Court.
  3. Section 523(1)(b) BNSS speaks of rules regulating the issue of licences to such persons, the conduct of business by them, and the scale of fees to be charged by them.
  4. Section 523(1)(c) BNSS speaks of rules providing a penalty for a contravention of any of the rules so made and determining the authority by which such contravention may be investigated and the penalties imposed.
  5. Section 523(1)(d) BNSS speaks of rules on any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by rules made by the State Government.
  6. Under Section 523(2) BNSS, all rules made shall be published in the Official Gazette.

What CrPC 477 to BNSS 523 Means in Practice

From 1 July 2024, the power of the High Court to make rules is found in Section 523 BNSS instead of Section 477 CrPC. The one difference in wording is in Section 523(1)(d) BNSS, which refers to any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by rules made by the State Government.

FAQs: CrPC 477 to BNSS 523

Which section of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 is Section 477 CrPC found in?▼

From 1 July 2024, Section 477 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is found in Section 523 BNSS. Section 477(1) CrPC is found in Section 523(1) BNSS, with Section 477(1)(a) CrPC to Section 477(1)(d) CrPC found in Section 523(1)(a) BNSS to Section 523(1)(d) BNSS respectively, and Section 477(2) CrPC is found in Section 523(2) BNSS.

What changed between Section 477(1)(d) CrPC and Section 523(1)(d) BNSS?▼

Section 477(1)(d) CrPC read any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed. Section 523(1)(d) BNSS reads any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by rules made by the State Government.

Did the publication of rules change between Section 477(2) CrPC and Section 523(2) BNSS?▼

Section 523(2) BNSS is in the same words as Section 477(2) CrPC: all rules made shall be published in the Official Gazette.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 · Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 · Last updated: 22 Oct 2026 ·