IEA 51→BSA 45

IEA 51 to BSA 45: Grounds of opinion, when relevant

Section 51 IEA (1872) replaced by Section 45 BSA (2023)

View IEA Section 51 →View BSA Section 45 →

IEA 51 to BSA 45 at a Glance

Section 51 IEA (Grounds of opinion, when relevant) is now Section 45 BSA, in force from 1 July 2024. Only the section number changed.

What Changed From IEA 51 to BSA 45?

Section 51 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 became Section 45 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 on 1 July 2024 without any change in wording.

IEA 51 vs BSA 45: Comparison Table

AspectIEA 1872 (repealed)BSA 2023 (in force)
Section5145
HeadingGrounds of opinion, when relevantSame

IEA 51 and BSA 45: Bare Act Text Side by Side

IEA 1872 (repealed)

Section 51, IEA 1872

51. Grounds of opinion, when relevant.—Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion.
BSA 2023 (in force)

Section 45, BSA 2023

45. Grounds of opinion, when relevant.—Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration. An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion.

When It Applies: IEA 51 vs BSA 45

Under IEA 51
  1. The opinion of a living person was relevant in a court proceeding.
  2. The reasons and basis on which that living person formed the opinion were also relevant.
  3. An expert could describe the experiments carried out to form a relevant opinion.
Under BSA 45
  1. The opinion of a living person is relevant in a court proceeding.
  2. The reasons and basis on which that living person forms the opinion are also relevant.
  3. An expert can describe the experiments carried out to form a relevant opinion.

What IEA 51 to BSA 45 Means in Practice

Section 51 IEA became Section 45 BSA on 1 July 2024 without any change in wording. The same rule applies, and a party or witness should cite Section 45 BSA for matters governed by the Adhiniyam.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Indian Evidence Act, 1872 · Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 ·