IPC 193→BNS 229

IPC 193 to BNS 229: Punishment for false evidence

Section 193 IPC (1860) replaced by Section 229 BNS (2023)

View IPC Section 193 →View BNS Section 229 →

IPC 193 to BNS 229 at a Glance

Section 193 IPC (Punishment for false evidence) is now Section 229 BNS, in force from 1 July 2024. Under the BNS it is bailable and non-cognizable. What changed is set out below.

What Changed From IPC 193 to BNS 229?

Section 193 IPC is now Section 229 BNS, with the same title and the same offence. The BNS sets out the two limbs as sub-section one and sub-section two. It keeps the imprisonment at up to seven years and up to three years, and it fixes a maximum fine where the IPC fixed no amount. The fine may extend to ten thousand rupees under sub-section one and to five thousand rupees under sub-section two. The second limb, which the IPC words as any other case, now reads any case other than that referred to in sub-section one. Explanation 1 is unchanged. In Explanations 2 and 3 and in the second Illustration the BNS reads Court where the IPC reads Court of Justice.

IPC 193 vs BNS 229: Comparison Table

AspectIPC 1860 (repealed)BNS 2023 (in force)
Section193229
OffencePunishment for false evidenceSame
PunishmentImprisonment of either description for up to seven years where the false evidence is given or fabricated in a judicial proceeding. Imprisonment of either description for up to three years in any other case.Same
FineFine in addition to imprisonment in both cases. The section fixes no amount.Fine up to ten thousand rupees where the false evidence is given or fabricated in a judicial proceeding, and fine up to five thousand rupees in any other case.
BailBailableSame
CognizanceNon-CognizableSame
CompoundableNon-CompoundableSame
Triable ByMagistrate of the first class for the first limb; any Magistrate for the second limbSame

IPC 193 and BNS 229: Bare Act Text Side by Side

IPC 1860 (repealed)

Section 193, IPC 1860

193. Punishment for false evidence.—Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any stage of a judicial proceeding, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine, and whoever intentionally gives or fabricates false evidence in any other case, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation 1.—A trial before a Court-martial is a judicial proceeding. Explanation 2.—An investigation directed by law preliminary to a proceeding before a Court of Justice, is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that investigation may not take place before a Court of Justice. Illustration A, in an enquiry before a Magistrate for the purpose of ascertaining whether Z ought to be committed for trial, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As this enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence. Explanation 3.—An investigation directed by a Court of Justice according to law, and conducted under the authority of a Court of Justice, is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that investigation may not take place before a Court of Justice. Illustration A, in an enquiry before an officer deputed by a Court of Justice to ascertain on the spot the boundaries of land, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As this enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence.
BNS 2023 (in force)

Section 229, BNS 2023

(1) Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any stage of a judicial proceeding, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees. (2) Whoever intentionally gives or fabricates false evidence in any case other than that referred to in sub-section (1), shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to five thousand rupees. Explanation 1.—A trial before a Court-martial is a judicial proceeding. Explanation 2.—An investigation directed by law preliminary to a proceeding before a Court, is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that investigation may not take place before a Court. Illustration. A, in an enquiry before a Magistrate for the purpose of ascertaining whether Z ought to be committed for trial, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As this enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence. Explanation 3.—An investigation directed by a Court according to law, and conducted under the authority of a Court, is a stage of a judicial proceeding, though that investigation may not take place before a Court. Illustration. A, in an enquiry before an officer deputed by a Court to ascertain on the spot the boundaries of land, makes on oath a statement which he knows to be false. As this enquiry is a stage of a judicial proceeding, A has given false evidence.

Ingredients: IPC 193 vs BNS 229

Under IPC 193
  1. The accused gave false evidence, or fabricated false evidence
  2. The accused did so intentionally
  3. For the seven year limb, the false evidence was given in a stage of a judicial proceeding, or was fabricated for the purpose of being used in a stage of a judicial proceeding
  4. For the three year limb, the false evidence was given or fabricated in any other case
  5. The proceeding includes a trial before a Court-martial, and an investigation directed by law preliminary to a proceeding before a Court of Justice, or directed by a Court of Justice according to law and conducted under its authority, is a stage of a judicial proceeding
Under BNS 229
  1. Giving false evidence, or fabricating false evidence, intentionally
  2. A judicial proceeding or a stage of one, which includes a trial before a Court-martial and the investigations named in Explanations 2 and 3
  3. Any other case, which carries the lower punishment

What IPC 193 to BNS 229 Means for Pending Cases

For Section 193 IPC (now Section 229 BNS): the imprisonment terms are unchanged, but the BNS now caps the fine at ten thousand rupees for the first limb and five thousand rupees for the second, so the charge for an act done after the BNS came into force cites Section 229 BNS, sub-section one or sub-section two as the case may be, and the fine cannot exceed that amount.

FAQs: IPC 193 to BNS 229

What changed when Section 193 IPC became Section 229 BNS?▼

The offence and the imprisonment terms of seven years and three years are the same. Section 229 BNS sets the two limbs out as sub-sections one and two and caps the fine at ten thousand rupees and five thousand rupees, where Section 193 IPC fixed no amount. Explanations 2 and 3 and the second Illustration read Court in place of Court of Justice.

Where does Section 193 IPC sit in the BNS?▼

In Section 229 BNS, in Chapter XIV, Of False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice.

Does Section 193 IPC or Section 229 BNS apply to an act done before 1 July 2024?▼

Section 193 IPC. Section 358 BNS repealed the IPC from 1 July 2024 but saves any liability already incurred under it, so an act done before that date is still dealt with under Section 193 IPC. Section 229 BNS governs acts done on or after 1 July 2024.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 · Last updated: 16 Oct 2026 ·