IPC 194→BNS 230

IPC 194 to BNS 230: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence

Section 194 IPC (1860) replaced by Section 230 BNS (2023)

View IPC Section 194 →View BNS Section 230 →

IPC 194 to BNS 230 at a Glance

Section 194 IPC (Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence) is now Section 230 BNS, in force from 1 July 2024. Under the BNS it is non-bailable and non-cognizable. What changed is set out below.

What Changed From IPC 194 to BNS 230?

Section 194 IPC is now Section 230 BNS, with the same title and the same words for the offence. The one change is the fine. Section 194 IPC says the offender is liable to fine and names no amount. Section 230 BNS limits the fine to fifty thousand rupees. The punishment of imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for up to ten years, is the same. The case of an innocent person convicted and executed now stands as sub-section two, with the same punishment of death or the punishment in sub-section one.

IPC 194 vs BNS 230: Comparison Table

AspectIPC 1860 (repealed)BNS 2023 (in force)
Section194230
OffenceGiving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offenceSame
PunishmentImprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for up to ten years. If an innocent person is convicted and executed in consequence of the false evidence, death or that punishment.Same
FineThe offender is also liable to fine. The section names no amount.Fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees.
BailNon-BailableSame
CognizanceNon-CognizableSame
CompoundableNon-CompoundableSame
Triable ByCourt of SessionSame

IPC 194 and BNS 230: Bare Act Text Side by Side

IPC 1860 (repealed)

Section 194, IPC 1860

194. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.—Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force in India shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; if innocent person be thereby convicted and executed.—and if an innocent person be convicted and executed in consequence of such false evidence, the person who gives such false evidence shall be punished either with death or the punishment hereinbefore described.
BNS 2023 (in force)

Section 230, BNS 2023

(1) Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force in India shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees. (2) If an innocent person be convicted and executed in consequence of false evidence referred to in sub-section (1), the person who gives such false evidence shall be punished either with death or the punishment specified in sub-section (1).

Ingredients: IPC 194 vs BNS 230

Under IPC 194
  1. The accused gave false evidence or fabricated false evidence
  2. The accused intended thereby to cause a person to be convicted, or knew it to be likely that the accused would thereby cause a person to be convicted
  3. The offence of which that person was to be convicted is capital by the law for the time being in force in India
  4. For the punishment of death to be available, an innocent person was convicted and executed in consequence of the false evidence
Under BNS 230
  1. Giving false evidence or fabricating false evidence
  2. Intention to cause, or knowledge that it is likely to cause, the conviction of a person
  3. An offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force in India
  4. For the death punishment, the conviction and execution of an innocent person in consequence of the false evidence

What IPC 194 to BNS 230 Means for Pending Cases

For Section 194 IPC (now Section 230 BNS): charging an act done after the BNS came into force cites Section 230 BNS. The offence and the imprisonment are unchanged, and the fine can no longer exceed fifty thousand rupees.

FAQs: IPC 194 to BNS 230

What changed when Section 194 IPC became Section 230 BNS?▼

The fine. Section 230 BNS limits it to fifty thousand rupees, where Section 194 IPC names no amount. The title, the words of the offence and the imprisonment are the same, and the case of an innocent person convicted and executed now stands as sub-section two.

Where does Section 194 IPC sit in the BNS?▼

In Section 230 BNS, in Chapter XIV, Of False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice.

Does Section 194 IPC or Section 230 BNS apply to an act done before 1 July 2024?▼

Section 194 IPC. Section 358 BNS repealed the IPC from 1 July 2024 but saves any liability already incurred under it, so an act done before that date is still dealt with under Section 194 IPC. Section 230 BNS governs acts done on or after 1 July 2024.

Disclaimer: This comparison is for informational purposes only. The new criminal laws came into effect on 1 July 2024. Consult a qualified advocate for legal advice.

Sources: Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 · Last updated: 17 Oct 2026 ·