IPC 451 BNS Equivalent: New Section and What Changed

What Changed From IPC 451 to BNS 332(c)?

Section 451 IPC corresponds to Section 332(c) BNS. Section 332 BNS consolidates house-trespass according to the intended offence into three clauses. The elements, the two-year term for imprisonable offences, and the seven-year term for theft are preserved, with the theft provision framed as a proviso to the clause.

IPC 451 vs BNS 332(c): Comparison Table

Aspect	IPC 1860 (repealed)	BNS 2023 (in force)
Section	451	332(c)
Offence	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	Same
Punishment	Imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years. Where the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term may extend to seven years.	Same
Fine	The offender is also liable to fine. The statute does not prescribe a mandatory fine or fix a maximum amount.	Same
Bail	Bailable	Same
Cognizance	Cognizable	Same
Compoundable	Compoundable	Same
Triable By	Any Magistrate	Same

IPC 451 and BNS 332(c): Bare Act Text Side by Side

IPC 1860 (repealed)

Section 451, IPC 1860

451. House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.—Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment may be extended to seven years.

BNS 2023 (in force)

Section 332(c), BNS 2023

Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence— (c) punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine: Provided that if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment may be extended to seven years.

Ingredients: IPC 451 vs BNS 332(c)

Under IPC 451

The accused committed house-trespass as defined in Section 442 IPC
The house-trespass was committed in order to the committing of an offence punishable with imprisonment
For the enhanced term of up to seven years, the offence intended to be committed was theft

Under BNS 332(c)

Commission of house-trespass as defined in Section 329(2) BNS
The trespass was committed in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
Where the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of imprisonment may extend to seven years

What IPC 451 to BNS 332(c) Means for Pending Cases

For Section 451 IPC (now Section 332(c) BNS): under Section 332(c) BNS, the elements and penalties remain unchanged from Section 451 IPC. A charge for an act done after the BNS came into force cites Section 332(c) BNS.

FAQs: IPC 451 to BNS 332(c)

What changed from Section 451 IPC to Section 332(c) BNS?▼

The offence and penalties are unchanged. Section 332(c) BNS reproduces Section 451 IPC as the third clause of a consolidated section, with the theft penalty structured as a proviso.

Where does Section 451 IPC sit in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita?▼

It sits in Section 332(c) BNS, in Chapter XVII, Of Offences Against Property, under the sub-heading Of Criminal Trespass.

Does Section 451 IPC or Section 332(c) BNS apply to an act done before 1 July 2024?▼

Section 451 IPC. Section 358 BNS repealed the IPC from 1 July 2024 but saves any liability already incurred under it, so an act done before that date is still dealt with under Section 451 IPC. Section 332(c) BNS governs acts done on or after 1 July 2024.

IPC 451 to BNS 332(c): House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment

IPC 451 to BNS 332(c) at a Glance